Publishing and performance

    Codec

    Also called Video codec, Compression format.

    A codec is the scheme that compresses video or audio down to a storable size, and it is a different thing from a container format like MP4 or MOV, which is only the wrapper the codec's data travels inside.

    Generated clips typically arrive in one specific, recognisable shape: H.264, sometimes HEVC, inside an MP4 container. MP4 is the box — a structure that can hold subtitles, multiple audio tracks and one of several possible video codecs inside it. H.264 or HEVC is what is actually doing the compressing. The same box can carry a different codec entirely, which is the entire reason the two words are not interchangeable even though 'MP4' gets used as a stand-in for both.

    That conflation has a real cost the moment a feature question comes up. Whether a file can carry an alpha channel, 10-bit colour or a specific audio format is almost always a codec question, not a container question and not a resolution one — asking whether 'the MP4' supports transparency is asking the wrapper a question only the compression scheme inside it can answer.

    It also separates a delivery file from a working master. The H.264-in-MP4 shape most generations arrive in is a reasonable file to publish and a poor one to repeatedly re-edit from — it is typically 8-bit with reduced colour sampling and long-interval compression, so every re-encode compounds loss that was already spent once. A working master uses a codec built to be reopened without that penalty — ProRes and DNxHR are the familiar professional examples — transcoded once from the delivery file and then finished on, rather than re-encoding the same lossy export again on every pass.

    In practice

    • Treat 'MP4' as an answer to what the wrapper is, not what the compression is — the codec inside is the separate question that actually decides what the file can hold.
    • Whether alpha, 10-bit colour or a particular audio track survives is a codec question, not a resolution or aspect-ratio one.
    • Re-encoding a delivery-codec file repeatedly compounds loss; keep any file you plan to re-cut in a format built to be reopened.

    The mistake to avoid

    Assuming two files are interchangeable because they are both '.mp4'. The container says nothing about the codec inside it, the bit depth, or whether a feature like alpha survived — two MP4s can differ on all three at once.

    Go deeper

    Pick a Mezzanine Codec You Can Reopen

    Platform MP4s are not masters. Compare ProRes 422 HQ, DNxHR HQX, and FFV1 for 10-bit 4:2:2, alpha, audio tracks, and a file you can still open in five years.

    Related terms

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